The adverse effects of climate change due to global warming and the broad policy direction to take the remedial effects to mitigate them.

The article will consist of broad areas

1. Major adverse effects of Climate change
2. Adverse effects of climate change driven by global warming on life that exists on planet earth in particular human life.
3. The connection of anti-microbial resistance (AMR) and evolving influenza virus strain to climate change.
4. The relation of increasing incidence of respiratory diseases to climate change.
5. Clinical test used to distinguish between influenza and other pathogen.
6. Underlying metabolism by which bacteria’s become antibiotic resistance.
7. The growing problem of unnecessary prescription of antibiotics for respiratory diseases leading to antibiotic resistance in developing countries.
8. How to maintain an optimum yield of crops and the underlying mechanism due to which the yield decreases beyond a optimal temperature range.
9. Salient features of NCDC report regarding resurgence of influenza.
10. WHO recommendation on vaccinating Indian population and the vaccine to be used to arrest the spread of virus.
11. The desirability of Flu vaccine shorts of elderly as part of influenza control measures.
12. The desirability of universal immunization programme on lines of Covid – 19.

Climate change, driven by human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, has profound adverse effects on living beings, including humans, animals, and plants. Let’s delve into some of the major adverse impacts:

1. Higher Average Temperatures:

   – Global warming leads to higher average temperatures. Since the preindustrial era began 250 years ago, our planet has already warmed by 1.1 degrees Celsius (1.9 degrees Fahrenheit).

   – Sweltering heat waves are becoming more common, affecting human health and agriculture. Vulnerable populations, especially in cities, face heat-related health impacts.

2. Extreme Weather Events:

   – Climate change intensifies and makes extreme weather events more unpredictable. Hurricanes, droughts, and floods are becoming more intense.

   – Some regions experience severe droughts, while others face increased flood risks. These events impact ecosystems, agriculture, and human communities.

3. Sea Level Rise:

   – Melting glaciers and ice sheets contribute to rising sea levels. Coastal areas are at risk of inundation, displacing communities and threatening infrastructure.

   – Low-lying islands and coastal cities are particularly vulnerable.

4. Shifts in Plant and Animal Ranges:

   – As temperatures rise, plant and animal geographic ranges shift. Some species may struggle to adapt or find suitable habitats.

   – Biodiversity loss occurs as species disappear due to changing conditions.

5. Crop and Fishery Collapse:

   – Rising temperatures affect crop yields and fishery productivity. Droughts, heat stress, and changing ocean conditions impact food production.

   – Agriculture faces challenges due to altered growing seasons and water availability.

6. Health Impacts:

   – Climate change exacerbates health issues. Heat-related illnesses, respiratory problems from air pollution, and diseases spread by insects become more prevalent.

   – Vulnerable populations suffer the most, including those in low-income countries.

7. Wildfires and Ecosystem Damage:

   – Increased heat and drought conditions lead to more frequent and severe wildfires. Ecosystems are damaged, affecting wildlife habitats.

   – Forests, grasslands, and other natural areas face destruction.

8. Ocean Acidification:

   – Elevated carbon dioxide levels lead to ocean acidification. Coral reefs, shellfish, and marine ecosystems are at risk.

   – Acidification affects marine life, disrupting food chains and livelihoods.

9. Loss of Ecosystem Services:

   – Climate change disrupts ecosystem services such as pollination, water purification, and soil fertility.

   – These services are essential for human well-being and agriculture.

10. Disruption of Livelihoods:

    – Farmers, fishermen, and indigenous communities rely on stable climates. Climate change threatens their livelihoods.

    – Economic losses occur due to damaged infrastructure, reduced agricultural productivity, and displacement.

Remember that climate change is NOT a distant problem—it’s happening now. Urgent action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to changing conditions is crucial to mitigate the adverse effects on all living beings. Let’s work together for a sustainable future! To be continued