First let us understand what do we mean by an event. Tossing a coin is an event that can have two outcomes head or tail let us call them one and zero. If you toss a coin say four times you may get a sequence of head and tail that is zero and one. For example the sequence may be 1 0 0 1or 0 1 0 1 or 0 0 0 0 etc. Infact there are sixteen possibilities of these sequence that is what is meant by a pattern of events.

Lightning in sky during a rainy season is another good example of physical event it has both a time interval (temporal extension) and it occurs in space at some location spatial extension and has a space interval.

Common sense tells us that such a phenomena of lightning in sky is absolute in both the time interval and space interval independent of where the observer is and whether he is on earth or some space station. Relativity theory tells us that this is not true the space and time intervals do depend upon the observer. More on this aspects some time later.

Let us now explain what we mean when we say that a pattern of events carries more information than the event themselves say we give these four inputs to a system with a single bit output 0, 1.

Let us assume the behaviour of system is as follows.

Know we have more information about the events infact this is the circuit of a Parity checker which gives a output 0 if total number of 1s are even and gives an output 1 if the total number of 1s are odd.

Now, we have more information about the input whether there are even or odd numbers of 1 (Parity check).

In our daily life there are many events which by themselves in isolation do not have much significance, but a pattern and correlation of such events may point to something significant and could be a cause of worry and may require action.

Everyone gets headache, a mild fever or gets irritated once a while, the MCB in a house trips once a while nothing much to worry about.

However, if one gets headache even when he has a sound sleep and it returns too often it may be a reason to worry about. Mild fever goes away just take a pill but if it again comes back after few days and this pattern repeats better worry about it.

Once a while everyone gets angry and irritated but if you notice any family member getting irritated too often and for no good reason it may point to something else. May be high blood pressure, high blood sugar or both. Similarly if in your house hold MCB gets tripped too often, you better pay attention to may be you have put to much electrical load than what the system was designed for and it is safe you consult a qualified electrician.

Another important aspect of events is to observe whether they are independent or correlated, which means whether they have the same cause as its origin or not.

An important point is to determine which event is the original cause and which one is the effect of it. Just to give an example for the case of a patient to find out whether he had constant high blood pressure that has resulted in diabetes or vice versa. Statistical analysis of large data is an important area of research and is being used more and more even in psychology and social sciences.