From Subjects to Citizens: The Long and Uneven Journey of Rights, Equality, and Participation
The language of rights—right to vote, right to education, right to work, equality before law—feels so natural today that it is often retroactively projected onto the past. Yet, historically speaking, rights-based citizenship is a modern construct, not a timeless human condition. A closer look at monarchies, ancient societies such as Vedic India, early democracies, and […]









